The latest Eurydice report, published on 16 October 2025, provides a comparative analysis of how 37 European education systems have addressed the challenge of underachievement in reading, mathematics and science since the 2020/2021 school year.
The study focuses on education policies implemented in primary and lower secondary education, excluding temporary measures related to COVID-19 management.
The report highlights that an increasing number of students complete compulsory education without reaching expected levels in basic skills, posing a challenge to equity, educational quality and Europe’s ability to face future challenges. In response, the European Commission has placed basic skills at the heart of its education agenda.
Among the main policy directions identified, countries have developed a comprehensive set of measures including:
- Renewed strategic frameworks
- Curriculum revisions
- Instructional reorganisation
- Assessment improvements
- Enhanced learning support
- Teacher training and support
- Inclusive practices
- Greater family involvement
The report also shows that eight education systems have introduced simultaneous changes in diagnostic assessment and tutorial support during the school day, including Spain, France, Portugal and Luxembourg.
This document is a key resource for policymakers, researchers and education professionals working to ensure quality and equitable education for all learners.
You can access the full report here.
