Guidance and Training for the Labor Integration of Vulnerable Youth. Employment Integration through Employability Strategies

Orientation process, training and work are the thread of this quantitative and qualitative research. It works on the development of an orientation and training model for the labour integration of a youth collective in educative, social and labour vulnerable situation. The model establishes as the starting point the process of needs detection. It is possible from the self-perception of the youth. The self-perception requires the construction of an instrument that makes possible to know the personal, familiar, training and labour profile of the youth and specially of their competence profile. Identifying the domain level of the key competences of this collective is basic for the integration process and for the training programs. The latter is another basic element of this study. This research deals with two main subjects: i) the youth who are in labour age and are identified as a collective in educative, social and labour vulnerable situation; ii) the work market and the training alternatives for these youth. In order to give answer to the main subjects, this research is organized in three sections. The first section is a theoretical and contextual frame of the study and develops issues such as: vulnerable collectives, youth in vulnerable situation, self-concept and self-perception, competences, key competences, employability and adaptability; the role of the training and the orientation process for the educative, social and labour integration, work market and vulnerable collective, the ways to access to the labour market, active policies for occupation, support employment and the proposal of a model to train and to orientate the youth to access to the labour market. The second section is made up by the methodological frame and the results. It describes and justifies the kind of study, the population, the sample of this research and the construction of the instruments to obtain the information. An example of it is the ‘Questionnaire of self-perception of key and labour competences: self-concept of the competences by the youth collective of the training programs for the labour integration (AUTOCOM)’. It has been triangulated with other techniques (interviews, analises of documents of the training programs) and with other agents allows to obtain information (youth, tutors of training programs and collaborative companies). The data is analyzed through statistic and qualitative techniques such as SPSS program (for PC, 17th version) and MaXQDA program (for PC, 10th version). The results obtained anticipate the third section of this study, where the conclusions are presented in relation to the youth profile, their key competences for the employability and the training work programs. These conclusions point out the improvement of the employability and the opportunities for the labour and educative (re)incorporation of the youth in social, educative and labour vulnerable situation once they finish training work programs. However, the conclusions are not exempt form suggesting orientations that make possible to improve the current training work programs in order to get a higher level of employability of this youth collective.