Early school leaving (ESL) is a complex phenomenon that must be understood from its multidimensional and multifactorial nature, as well as from the perspective of its protagonists. Through the application of a questionnaire that analyzes ESL risk factors related to the school environment, social relationships, family circumstances, and personal circumstances, this study explores the perceptions of 874 young people from 10 highly complex secondary schools regarding the risk factors that have the greatest impact on their decision-making process about their future.
The surveyed group of young people identifies, among the main risk factors, low motivation to learn, low self-esteem, family socioeconomic status, difficult relationships in educational and work contexts, as well as a lack of quality guidance and personalized support. These factors also show significant differences in perception among young people under 18, girls, nationals, and those enrolled in compulsory secondary education.
These results show that risk factors are not isolated. Analyzing them from the perspective of the protagonists helps identify protective and success factors, allowing for a more tailored and realistic response to their needs.