Environmental Sustainability (ES) is an increasing concern for the development of society, as the need for companies to define sustainability-based strategies becomes more evident. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a fundamental role; the sector generates more than 60% of employment in both Europe and Latin America.
While there is extensive scientific research on the environmental practices of large companies, the literature on SMEs is scarce, both in practical and theoretical terms. Therefore, identifying the variables that affect the implementation of ES is highly relevant.
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the factors and drivers of ES from the perspective of SMEs, exploring the variables that may influence its implementation in these businesses. The methodology used consists of in-depth interviews conducted with a sample of 17 managers from Spanish SMEs and 25 managers from Chilean SMEs.
The main findings suggest that Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Customer Orientation (CO), and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) influence the adoption of ES in both countries. Similarities were found in the motivations driving these practices, although some differences emerged in their execution, influenced by the institutional context. Additionally, the level of knowledge affects decision-making related to the development of high-level environmental practices.